# Function `getcoeffs()` in the `clifford` package

#### Robin K. S. Hankin

    getcoeffs

    ## function (C, B)
    ## {
    ##     out <- c_getcoeffs(L = terms(C), c = coeffs(C), m = maxyterm(C),
    ##         B = list_modifier(B))
    ##     names(out) <- lapply(B, catterm)
    ##     return(out)
    ## }

To cite the `clifford` package in publications please use Hankin (2025). This short document discusses function `getcoeffs()` in the `clifford` R package which, as its name suggests, retrieves specific coefficients from a clifford object. It is a relatively low-level helper function that is a wrapper for a `C` routine. It takes as arguments a clifford object and a list of terms:

    set.seed(0)
    (a <- rcliff())

    ## Element of a Clifford algebra, equal to
    ## + 5 + 6e_1 - 9e_12 - 3e_14 + 3e_26 - 6e_126 + 1e_236 - 1e_56 + 4e_156

    getcoeffs(a,list(1:2, 0, c(2,5), c(1,5,6), c(2,6), 1:2))

    ##  e_12   e_0  e_25 e_156  e_26  e_12
    ##    -9     5     0     4     3    -9

Note that the first and last element of the returned vector are both the coefficient of \(e_{12}\), viz. `-9`. The coefficients are returned in the form of a numeric vector [not a `disord` object: the order of the elements is determined by the order of argument `B`]. Compare standard extraction, e.g. `a[index]`, which returns a `clifford` object. Also, compare `coeffs()` which extracts all coefficients of a clifford object:

    coeffs(a)

    ## A disord object with hash 95062597dd6246faa022dc8f8a57947483f5ba60 and elements
    ## [1]  5  6 -9 -3  3 -6  1 -1  4
    ## (in some order)

The index for the constant is formally `list(numeric(0))`, but this is a pain to type, so there is special dispensation for argument `B` having list elements of zero, which are translated by helper function `list_modifier()` to `numeric(0)` and listified if necessary. The upshot is that a zero list element in argument `B` works as expected extracting the constant. Also, passing `B=0` works as expected, returning the constant (there is no need to coerce to a list: coercion is performed by `list_modifier)`. A similar scheme is used in the square bracket extraction and replacement methods

Attempting to extract a coefficient of a term that includes a negative index will throw an error. The coefficient of a term including an index larger than indicated by `maxyterm()` will return zero.

# References

Hankin, R. K. S. 2025. “Clifford Algebra in R: Introducing the clifford Package.” Advances in Applied Clifford Algebra. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00006-025-01403-9.